INTRODUCTION TO HUDSON VALLEY PREHISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY, ANCIENT INDIAN ARROWHEADS

Description: INTRODUCTION TO HUDSON VALLEY PREHISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY, ANCIENT INDIAN ARROWHEADS Click images to enlarge Description An Introduction to Hudson Valley Prehistory By William A. Ritchie Publisher: The University of the State of New York, Albany, NY Softcover, First Edition 112 pps. Titles: frt. wrp. Illust. w/ b/w fold-in & pocket maps & photos. Interior leaves are clean and tight. New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin Number 367. JANUARY 1958 FIRST EDITION WITH MAPS AND MANY ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN ARTIFACTS, ARROWHEADS Research paper by the State Archeologist. The prehistoric Native American archaeology of the Hudson valley in New York State. Written by the New York State archaeologist. Includes notes & references. 112 Pages. :ill., maps (some folded) THIS BOOK IS COMPLETE, CLEAN AND IN VERY GOOD + CONDITION... PLEASE SEE PICTURES CONTENTS.... Preface .... 7 Harris site (Scv 1-2) Location, Excavation, Artifacts. Conclusions ..... 8, 11, 14, 16 Lotus Point site (Ctl 3-1) Location, Stratigraphy and typology.... 25, 26 River site (Coh 8-3) Location, Stratigraphy, Geological interpretation, Lower horizon artifacts, Upper horizon artifacts, Conclusions ..... 34, 43, 44, 45, 50, 51 Hennessy site (Sdy 98-2) Location Features Artifacts Artifact inventory Interpretation .... 53, 54, 59, 60 Bannerman site (Wtp 1-1) Location Stratigraphy and distribution of the artifacts Interpretation Artifacts Artifact inventory Conclusions ..... 62, 66, 68, 69, 70 South Cruger Island site (Ctl 11-3) Location Stratigraphy Features Artifacts Artifact inventory Comparison and conclusions ..... 71, 72, 77, 79, 80, 81 Snook Kill site (Scv 19-2) Location Excavation Artifacts 93 Conclusions ..... 91, 92, 93 General conclusions ..... 98 References ... 110 ILLUSTRATIONS.... Figure 1. Locations of Hudson Valley sites........ 6 Figure 2. Map of Harris site....... 9 Figure 3. Map of Lotus Point site... Figure 4. Map of South Cruger Island site.……………………………... Figure 5. Inside back cover ..Inside back cover Cultural and chronological relationships of Hudson Valley sites, with reference to central and southeastern New York sequences ..Inside back cover Plate 1 a. A portion of the Harris site at the start of excavations in trench...... 17 Plate 1b. Rock hollow bounding Harris site on the north.......... 17 Plate 2a. Profile near midpoint of section C, trench 2, Harris site, showing four artifacts in situ ..... 18 Plate 3. Plate 2b. Profile in section D, trench 2, Harris site, showing two small hearths intruded from black soil layer into subsoil................... 18 Projectile points from the Harris site......... 19 Plate 4. Artifacts from the Harris site....... 20 Plate 5. Potsherds, polished and chipped stone artifacts from the Harris site .... 22 22 Plate 6. The Lotus Point site, looking east from the Van Orden site...... 35 Plate 7a. View from the Lotus Point site, looking west across Lotus Bay to the Van Orden site............ 36 Plate 7 b. Laying out the grid on the Lotus Point site............ 36 Plate 8. Profile at midpoint of section A 14, Lotus Point site, showing soil stratigraphy 37 Plate 9. Profile in section A 11, Lotus Point site, showing soil stratigraphy 38 Plate 10. Profile in section A 11, Lotus Point site, showing method of horizontal excavation by shallow levels of various soil layers 39 Plate 11. Artifacts from strata 1A, B and 2, Lotus Point site.... 40 Plate 12. Artifacts from strata 3, 4, 5 at Lotus Point site...... 42 Plate 13. Eroded beach at the River site, looking south, showing litter of natural cobbles and boulders, with interspersed Indian relics ..... 55 Plate 14. Artifacts from or assigned to stratum 3 of the River site.......... 56 Plate 15. Chipped and ground stone artifacts from or attributed to stratum 5 of the River site............ 57 Plate 16. Rough, chipped, pecked, ground and polished stone implements from or attributed to stratum 5 of the River site….. 58 Plate 17. Artifacts from the southwestern area of the Hennessy site.......... 63 Plate 18. Artifacts from the central and northeastern portions of the Hennessy site .... 64 Plate 19. Section in trench 6, Bannerman site............. 73 Plate 20. Chipped and ground stone artifacts from the Bannerman site...... 74 Plate 21. Rough stone, polished stone, antler and pottery artifacts from the Bannerman site .... 75 Plate 22. Hearth on subsoil level at base of stratum 3, trench 6, section 6, Bannerman site .... 76 Plate 23 a. South Cruger Island, looking southeast from Cruger Island...... 83 Plate 23 b. Burial of adult male in closely flexed position (No. 2), South Cruger Island 83 Plate 24 a, b, c. Simple hearth in subsoil of South Cruger Island site, showing various stages of excavation...... 85 Plate 25. Artifacts from stratum 1 (1-18) and stratum 3 (19-43), South Cruger Island site ... 86 Plate 26. Chipped stone and pottery artifacts from stratum 2, South Cruger Island site ... 88 Plate 27. Rough, ground and polished stone implements from stratum 2, South Cruger Island site........... 90 Plate 28. Chipped artifacts from the Snook Kill site...……………………….. 94 Plate 29. Rough, chipped, ground and polished stone tools from the Snook Kill site .... 96 Plate 30. Fluted points from the Hudson Valley.......... 103 Plate 31. Points of Steubenville Stemmed type, chiefly from the Hudson Valley ..... 104 Plate 32. Artifacts from burial of Early Woodland period on Van Orden site ..... 106 SITE LOCATIONS 1 Snook Kill 2 Harris 3 Hennessy 4 River 5 Lotus Point 6 Van Orden 7 South Cruger Island 8 Bannerman MOHAWK RIV E W 6 8 Drafting FIGURE 1. Locations of Hudson Valley sites AN INTRODUCTION TO HUDSON VALLEY PREHISTORY BY WILLIAM A. RITCHIE, State Archeologist New York State Museum and Science Service PREFACE European exploration and settlement of future New York State occurred first in the coastal and Hudson Valley regions where, during the opening decades of the 17th century, the inevitable conflicts of interest arose between Europeans and Indians which were to lead, within a century and a half, to the virtual extinction or expulsion of the native tribes of this area. Apart from the fragmentary historical accounts relating to aboriginal customs and the problems of Indian- white relationships during this period, there is little to guide our cultural or historical reconstructions of protohistoric and early historic times.¹ The scanty archeological data garnered from the ground relate mainly to more remote periods. The principal reasons for the lack of archeological sources, espe- cially for the early historical segment of the picture, are to be found in the large scale destruction of aboriginal sites by overlying Cauca- sian settlements, selectively established upon the same propitious situa- tions; the prevailing small size and meager content of the Indian sites; the considerable amount of irresponsible digging done thereon by relic collectors; and the obvious rapidity of the acculturation process, through which the skills and contrivances of the stone age were largely replaced by European devices during the quarter century fol- lowing initial contact. Considering these facts, it is of some importance to the history, in the complete sense, of the State of New York, to salvage and make available as much data bearing upon the prehistory and early contact relations of the Hudson-coastal area as can still be obtained from the sources, now almost entirely limited to the systematic excavation of such aboriginal sites as have escaped total destruction. This task will require the cooperative efforts of professional archeologists and com- 1 Furman, 1845; O'Callaghan, 1850; Ruttenber, 1872; Murphy, 1875; Jameson, 1909. Pictures sell! Auctiva offers Free Image Hosting and Editing.300+ Listing Templates! Auctiva gets you noticed! The complete eBay Selling Solution. Track Page Views WithAuctiva's Counter

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